Heredity
Heredity- Passing on of characteristics from parents to off springs.
Trait
Trait- Tubular cells in the xylem that have tapered ends and are dead at maturity.
Genetics
Branch of biology that studies heredity.
Gamete
Male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs.
Fertilization
Fusion of male and female gametes.
Zygote
Diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg.
Pollination
From male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs of plants, usually within the same species.
Hybrid
Offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait.
Allele
Alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism.
Dominant.
Observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait.
Recessive.
Trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait.
Laws Of segregation.
Mendelian principle explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes. during fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of alleles.
Phenotype.
Outward appearance of an organism regardless of its genes.
Genotype
Combination of genes in an organism.
Homozygous.
When there are two identical alleles for a trait.
Heterozygous
when there are two different alleles for a trait.
Law of independent.
Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other.
Assortment.
A collection or group of various things or sorts.
Diploid
Cell with two of each kind of chromosomes; is said to contain a diploid, or 2n, number of chromosomes.
Haploid.
Cell with one of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a haploid or n, a number of chromosomes.
Homologous chromosome.
Paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order.
Meiosis
Type of cell division where one body cell produces four gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes as a parents body cell.
Sperm.
Haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis.
Egg
Haploid female sex cell produced by meiosis.
Sexual reproduction.
Pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells.
Crossing over.
Exchanging of genetic meterial between nonsister prophase I of meiosis; results in new allele combinations.
Genetic recombination.
Major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by reassortment of crossing during meiosis.
Nondisjunction.
Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis.